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Dietary intake and major food sources of polyphenols in people with type 2 diabetes: The TOSCA.IT Study.

Deparment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Medical School "Federico II" University of Naples, Via S. Pansini, n.5, 80131, Naples, Italy. Divisione di Endocrinologia, Diabete e Metabolismo, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy. Dipartimento di Patologia, Sperimentale, Ospedale di Desio, Università di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy. CORESEARCH, Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Pescara, Italy. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. U.O. Diabetologia e Malattie Metaboliche, Ospedale F. Renzetti, Lanciano, Italy. U.O.C. Diabetologia, Endocrinologia, Malattie Metaboliche, Campobasso, Italy. U.O. Malattie Metaboliche e Diabetologia, Ospedale di Cisanello, Pisa, Italy. Centro Studi ANMCO, Firenze, Italy. U.O.C. Diabetologia, Ospedale Sandro Pertini, Roma, Italy. Dipartimento di Medicina Generale e Specialistica, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy. Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy. U.O. di Malattie del Metabolismo, Università "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy. Divisione di Endocrinologia e Malattie del Metabolismo, Ospedale Careggi, Firenze, Italy. SSD Malattie del Metabolismo, Policlinico S. Orsola Malphighi, Bologna, Italy. Unità Complessa di Endocrinologia, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy. U.O. Endocrinologia, "Ospedali Riuniti Papardo", Messina, Italy. MISEM, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy. Struttura complessa di Diabetologia, Ospedale Fiorini, Terracina, Italy. UO Endocrinologia/Diabetologia, ASST Valle Olona, Varese, Italy. Struttura complessa di Diabetologia, Ospedale San Donato, Arezzo, Italy. SC Malattie Metaboliche e Diabetologia, ASL Torino 5, Torino, Italy. Endocrinologia e Diabetologia di Cesena, ASL della Romagna, Romagna, Italy. Servizio di Diabetologia, Ospedale San Matteo degli infermi, Spoleto, Italy. Unità Operativa Funzionale di Diabetologia, Lecce, Italy. Centro antidiabetico, Azienda Ospedaliera Giustinianeo, Padova, Italy. Unità Operativa di Diabetologia, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy. Unità di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy. Deparment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Medical School "Federico II" University of Naples, Via S. Pansini, n.5, 80131, Naples, Italy. ovaccaro@unina.it.

European journal of nutrition. 2018;(2):679-688
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Abstract

PURPOSE Proper evaluation of polyphenols intake at the population level is a necessary step in order to establish possible associations with health outcomes. Available data are limited, and so far no study has been performed in people with diabetes. The aim of this work was to document the intake of polyphenols and their major food sources in a cohort of people with type 2 diabetes and in socio-demographic subgroups. METHODS We studied 2573 men and women aged 50-75 years. Among others, anthropometry was measured by standard protocol and dietary habits were investigated by food frequency questionnaire (EPIC). The intake of polyphenols was evaluated using US Department of Agriculture and Phenol-Explorer databases. RESULTS The mean total polyphenol intake was 683.3 ± 5.8 mg/day. Non-alcoholic beverages represented the main food source of dietary polyphenols and provided 35.5% of total polyphenol intake, followed by fruits (23.0%), alcoholic beverages (14.0%), vegetables (12.4%), cereal products and tubers (4.6%), legumes (3.7%) and oils (2.1%); chocolate, cakes and nuts are negligible sources of polyphenols in this cohort. The two most important polyphenol classes contributing to the total intake were flavonoids (47.5%) and phenolic acids (47.4%). Polyphenol intake increased with age and education level and decreased with BMI; furthermore, in the northern regions of Italy, the polyphenol intake was slightly, but significantly higher than in the central or southern regions. CONCLUSIONS The study documents for the first time the intake of polyphenols and their main food sources in people with diabetes using validated and complete databases of the polyphenol content of food. Compared with published data, collected in people without diabetes, these results suggest a lower intake and a different pattern of intake in people with diabetes.

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Publication Type : Observational Study

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